According to the summary of an October 21, 2022 Swedish Environmental Protection Agency report https://www.naturvardsverket.se/om-oss/publikationer/7000/978-91-620-7054-0/ “… we have mechanically broken down 8 different plastics and rubbers from 14 different consumer products and isolated the nanoplastics ... The nanosized fractions are not toxic to D. magna in the used concentrations. In contrary, for at least two plastics High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) and Polylactic acid (PLA) the nanoplastics increase the lifetime of the D. magna probably because the nano plastics can be utilized by bacteria which in turn serve as additional food for the zooplankton. However, leached additives and/or smaller polymers from HDPE are toxic to D. magna. We have also seen that UV irradiation further degrade polystyrene nanoparticles. The bacterial growth and the UV breakdown may imply that the nanoplastics break down faster than believed in nature and that they with time may disappear …” #PlasticWaste #SingleUsePlastic #MicroPlastics #NanoPlastics @swedishepa